Google Inc. E. The International News Agency Reuters

On Tuesday October 4, 2016, the international news agency Reuters published an article revealing that Yahoo Inc. had secretly made a custom program that scanned all of its customers incoming emails. The Article stated that this was done in compliance with a classified demand handed down from one of the intelligence Agencys of the United States. It goes on to further state that the program was discovered by a security team in May of 2015, when a security team thought that the yahoo system was being hacked. While legally permissible, it was morally wrong for Yahoo Inc. to create a program that scanned its users’ emails without their consent. This action defies Yahoo users’ moral right to privacy, as well as their moral right to informed†¦show more content†¦This further break of user trust and treat to user data will be discussed later. An article published by the New York Times on Wednesday October 5, 2016 stated that Yahoo had not created new software for the purpose of scanning its users’ content, but had adapted an existing filter, which was intended to scan for spam and child pornography. The article claimed that the government had requested the altered filter look for a ‘computer signature’ on emails that was reportedly tied to state sponsored terrorist organisations. It is important to note that in the article published by Reuters the sources were connected to or were former Yahoo Employees, and that in that article Reuters stated that its questions to the National Security Agency were directed to the Director of National Intelligence, which declined to comment. The Article published a day later by the New York Times the sources were two anonymous government officials. Regardless of the nature of the content scanning program, the fact remains that it exists or existed in some form. 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The Media is not to Blame for the Violence in Society Essay

The Media is not to Blame for the Violence in Society People are quick to blame violence in our society on television, movies or video games because they are simple believable targets. We have to look beyond this disinformation and attack the real causes for the violence in our society. Violence in television programs, movies, or video games will not make a person kill someone else. People watch violent images all the time, and only a very small percent of them actually commit violent crimes. Research on the subject does not necessarily support the argument, but they do not counteract it either. The research is too often inconclusive and to base our opinions on this matter without concrete evidence is foolish. Violence on television,†¦show more content†¦A person does not go from being a perfectly adapted member of society, watch a person get shot in a movie, and then go out and shoot somebody themselves. As a U.S. Senator said; Violence... is a blaze fed by many fires. The answer is not in the censoring of the media, the answ er lies in the most basic block of a society. The family. If children live with hostility, they learn to fight... If children live with fear, they learn to be apprehensive... If children live with acceptance, they learn to love... If children live with kindness and consideration, they learn respect. This is an excerpt from a poem by Dorothy Law Nolte. It is as poignant today as it was when it was written. Children do learn what they live. Whatever a child sees his parents do, he will imitate. Whatever they believe, he will accept as right. Before certain concerned citizens start pointing fingers, they should know who exactly they are pointing at. Yet it is true that the media are partly to blame for the violence in society. Television, movies and video games have a great influence on the minds of the masses. 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Cause and Effect Paper for School Free Essays

In the past three months Ruth Disselkoen, has cut her breaks short to complete her work, complains of being tired, and twice a month requires overtime hours, which causes the company an additional $200. 00 a month; on the other hand, Frank Daley, has complained about the her poor work quality. Whereas, Jack Snyder seems to have little work to do, he arrive late twice a week, he takes extra breaks; although his work is always professionally completed. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect Paper for School or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though, nothing has changed in their personal lives. I would like to have interpersonal meeting with both Jack Snyder, and Ruth Disselkoen to investigate the root of the problem, so I can determine my next course of action, and if I have the authority to implement any of the changes necessary that will eventually stop costing the company and extra $200. 00 monthly. Since Jessica Hilo’s is out on a Leave of Absence and her work assignments have been split up amongst Jack and Ruth. Jessica Hilo is one of Jack Snyder’s bosses so; it is only fair that Jack is responsible for Jessica Hilo’s work load, and not Ruth Disselkoen. I have noticed that this entire problem began three months ago when Jessica Hilo’s took a Leave of absence and some of her work load was reassigned to Ruth Disselkoen. I believe that Jessica Hilo’s, work is causing Ruth to cut her breaks short and work overtime twice a month. Therefore, I will discuss this with the Human Resources Director, Liz, Jakowski, and I will present the idea of giving Jessica Hilo’s, entire work load to Jack Snyder, and this course of action will eliminate the monetary expenditure of $200. 00 that the company is paying monthly for overtime. I will wait for Liz Jakowski, response to determine my next course of action. How to cite Cause and Effect Paper for School, Papers

Ethics in Advertising free essay sample

Ethics in Advertising Currently, The United States is probably already in recession. I plan to major in business. In this paper I want to point out the ethics of advertising. The advrtising industry plays a prominent role in the United States. Advertising has an important effect on a country’s economy, society, and culture. There are many arguments about why advertisements are beneficial for our society; however, there are numerous examples of advertising having serious repercussions on culture. Advertising promotes a materialistic lifestyle by leading people to believe that happiness is achieved by the acquisition of material goods. Advertising creates a consumer culture in which the foundation of society’s values and goals is based upon purchasing new products regardless of their need or usefulness. In this way advertising has adverse effects on the overall society. Excessive commercialism is creating a materialistic population where undue value is attributed to consumer products at an increasing rate. Richard and Joyce Wolkomir say, â€Å"Today’s average American consumes twice as many goods and services as in 1950† (619). People as a whole want to fit in and material things help them do this. Gary Ruskin and Juliet Schor concluded that an annual UCLA survey findings show that students would rather succeed financially than develop a meaningful philosophy on life (625). In my grandparents’ generation, a person knew who he was from his ancestry, how much land he had, his religion, his accent, his job, and where he went to school. Now however, people build their identity around driving a luxury car or wearing the latest fashions. There is an apparent increase in materialistic consumerism which is increasingly defining our identity and place in society (Wolkomir 616-617). Critics point out that consumers are capable of saying no, and that no one can force them to buy anything which they dislike or which they deem to be unneeded. First of all, advertisements are very prolific in today’s culture. Most common advertising techniques can be seen in every major information medium including television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the internet and billboards (Ruskin and Schor 623). Another marketing technique is called place-based, â€Å"which coerces captive viewers to watch video ads† or other mediums of advertising as a prerequisite to completing a certain action (623). An example of place-based ads are ads before a movie, on ATMs, at the gas pumps, and inside stores which have to be watched before the intended service is provided (623). We are bombarded with pushy advertisements and it makes it hard to say no every time. People can not close their eyes and shut their ears forever. Advertisers may not be holding a gun to a person’s head and literally forcing them to buy a particular product. They are, however, creating a very powerful incentive in the form of persuading customers that they have to have a certain product. With this illusion, advertisements make it hard to resist buying something that you really do not need. The new Apple iPhone, for example, has witnessed incredible demand due to Apple advertisements prompting people to wait in line for hours all across the country. The iPhone is not a necessity, but the Apple advertisements have promoted the product so effectively that one of my coworkers waited over three hours in line for the possibility of purchasing one. He is convinced that buying the new Apple iPod will bring him satisfaction. One theory of consumption is that people shop to cheer themselves up. Another reason is to be useful and productive members of society (Rose 627). The proliferation of a materialistic consumer culture is a major cause of depression and low self esteem in today’s society (Ruskin and Schor 625). Advertising is effective because it plays on human’s natural guilt, need for social recognition, and our desire to be â€Å"normal. † For example, numerous TV shows and commercials set unrealistic expectations for young girls in terms of how they should look and behave. Mariah Carey’s M perfume commercial, for instance, makes women think if they use that perfume they will look sexy, attract men, and become a goddess. Advertisers know how to capitalize on important issues and anxieties, like body image, peer acceptance, coolness, and a need for power. Marketers also use attractive themes like sex or alcohol and drug use, further escalating the â€Å"coolness factor† of the product. This correlates with self-esteem issues because it creates unattainable goals which advertisements promise their product will help attain. Some critics will argue that advertising acts as an educator by generating product awareness among the general public. It is estimated that the advertising industry spends $265 billion each year (Ruskin and Schor 625), which is a substantial amount. It is hard to imagine that advertisers will spend that much money on bringing product awareness to the public. For example, if you hold two quarters up in the air, it is the advertiser’s mission to make you believe that those two quarters are different and that one quarter is even worth more then the other (Wolkomir 615). In this way it is Apple’s goal to get you to buy their iPhone versus Sprint’s touch phone, despite the fact that both phones have the same qualities. This shows that ultimately the goal of advertising is not product awareness, but increasing the profitability of the product in question by boosting demand. Critics will continue to argue that advertising is good for society on an economic level. It is the main funding for the media, including newspapers, television and radio. Not only does advertising create thousands of jobs, it also creates revenue. For example, Wolkomir says that â€Å"Christmas was low key until the mid 1800s, when stores reinvented the holiday to sell off their surpluses† (617). On Christmas Eve of 1867, Macys placed ads of all of their special discounts and kept their store open until midnight setting a one-day sales record (617). Even today’s Santa Claus originated in the 1930’s because Coca-Cola’s sales were low during the winter months (617). Ads started appearing with Santa drinking a coke and increased Coca-Cola’s revenue substantially (617). Furthermore, Kodak ads universalized the tradition of blowing out the birthday candles (617). They increased sales with the ‘capture the moment with a Kodak camera’ campaign (617). Therefore, without advertising, people would lose jobs and companies would lose money. Also, according to Wolkomir advertising helps boost credit sales (618). Today, using credit is the American way of life. For instance, going back to examples of Christmas sales, today Christmas is all about giving gifts. The day after Thanksgiving is the biggest shopping holiday of the year and due to heavy advertising, stores set the highest credit sale records on that day (617). Advertising persuades people into believing that they have to have something even though they can not afford it, leading Americans to have more debt now than ever before (618). Therefore, from an economic perspective, advertising is good for business but not for the consumer. Another major impact of advertising is the proliferation of market-related diseases. In Ruskin and Schor’s article, â€Å"Every Nook and Cranny: The Dangerous Spread of Commercialized Culture,† they discuss the dangers of advertising. Fifteen percent of children aged 6 to 19 are now over weight (624). Furthermore, due to dvertisements, about 2,000 children begin smoking each day (624). That approximates to about 730,000 children each year and one-third of them will die from tobacco-related illness (624). Critics will argue that parents and schools should step in and curb the eating habits of children; however, it is the fast food advertising campaigns that are responsible for these eating habits in the first place. Their advertising establishes brand loyalty early in life so children will grow up eating at McDonalds, or Burger King, or Jack In the Box as this is what they are familiar with. There are a lot of children who know who Ronald McDonald is but do not know who the first president of the United States was. From a business perspective, fast food outlets have an incentive to encourage people to eat more food by supersizing it for only twenty cents. Fast-food chains have formed marketing alliances with the movie studios, toy manufacturers and sports leagues (624). That makes it an ongoing challenge for teacher and parents to step in and fight against the advertisements for unhealthy and otherwise detrimental products. Advertising attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. While advertising can be seen as necessary for economic growth, it is not without social costs. Not only is it responsible for creating a materialistic society, it is also responsible for causing undue stress and major health problems. Advertising diminishes our general well being. Works Cited Rose, Phyllis. â€Å"Shopping and Other Spiritual Adventures in America Today. † In Perspectives on Contemporary Issues: Readings Across the Discipline, 5th ed. Katherine Anne Ackley. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 626. Ruskin, Gary and Juliet Schor. â€Å"Every Nook and Cranny: The Dangerous Spread of Commercialized Culture. † In Perspectives on Contemporary Issues: Readings Across the Discipline, 5th ed. Katherine Anne Ackley. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 621. Wolkomir, Richard and Joyce â€Å"You are what you Buy. † In Perspectives on Contemporary Issues: Readings Across the Discipline, 5th ed. Katherine Anne Ackley. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 613

Art History Formal Analysis †Loren Teed (Untitled 1995)

Art History Formal Analysis – Loren Teed (Untitled 1995) Free Online Research Papers Art History Formal Analysis Loren Teed (Untitled 1995) Teed’s brightly coloured abstract painting poses a challenge to any viewer attempting to appropriate it to other abstract still-lifes, for although it is a still- life, it is a still-life in motion. With strong vertical lines, deliberately disjointed horizontals, and mostly organized curves, Teed’s work radiates a feeling of absolute potency that is powerless only to the hands of time. The fascinating spatial and surface arrangement of the piece is what most lends it this untouchable quality. Although there is a centrally located form, the eye is not immediately drawn to it- there exists an odd harmony that forbids the viewer from instantly scrutinizing and mentally highlighting a single form, you are obliged to absorb all the forms as a single solitary body on first impression. The central figures are positioned on a black background. The black does not excessively emphasize the bright forms it encompasses; instead it counterbalances the surrounding mix of vibrant reds, pinks, and verticals. Lack of emphasis on any specific object is imperative to the balance of the entire painting, even though the objects themselves do not appear ‘balanced’. The pink and purple pastel object in the middle, which looks like a coiled-up bunny toy, precariously balances an inconsistent succession of spheres. Two of the spheres are identical in size, but the white on e on the bottom is partially eclipsed by its red counterpart on top. The red sphere demonstrates a technical rarity in Teed’s work; it is the only other obvious case of colour mixing besides the pastel ‘bunny’. The orange highlights accentuate the red ball’s spherical dimensions, giving the three spheres the appearance of mid-air trajectory, as if Teed captured the moment photographically; in motion; but frozen. Despite the lack of formal symmetry and the seemingly arbitrary placement of forms and figures on the canvas, there is still an overall balance to the piece. On the right side of the canvas, a white pedestal supports a blue form that encircles four floating carrot-coloured cube shapes, resembling a wide-mouthed goblet with orange ice-cubes or even a fancy goldfish bowl. Directly below it is an upright tubular shape that resembles a simple vase. So cleanly painted, the vase flawlessly captures the elements of modernist abstraction. Because it partially eclipses the bottom of the white form above it, the vase also adds to the unusual simultaneously atmospheric and linear perspective of the painting. The ‘goblet’ and ‘vase’ on the right side are equally balanced with the tall and thin apparatus form on the far left. The form looks like a chemist’s ring stand, and its back extends all the way to the top, merging with the strong vertical lines of the background behind it in the top left corner. These verticals are balanced by the eclectic melee of black, pink, and red orthogonal lines in the bottom right corner. These endless and seemingly unbounded orthogonal lines and forms are crucial to the painting’s perspective, especially the triangular figure in the top right corner. It appears to be bridging the central black expanse to an object behind it, hidden from the viewer. Teed plays with our assumptions about what ‘line’ implies by carefully keeping patterns entirely away from the black- nowhere in the painting do patterns encounter black, even the body of the red-on-blue splotched triangular bridge form instantly transforms into solid red, and the navy and sky blue stripes in the inside back of the ‘goblet’ object are intercepted by all of its surrounding colours except for black. Teed manipulates the effects of black in a less inconspicuous way by outlining only certain forms By creating only two very strong diagonal lines, Teed successfully forces us to revert our common tendency to register a painting’s middle as its most crucial point. The diagonals radiate from an assumed focal point on the far left that we don’t see- thus, the black surface creates a spotlight-like effect on the forms and objects it accommodates without emphasizing them. With the casual repetition of three green cylinders along the bottom, Teed again adds to the illusory perspective, for although the cylinders are perfectly symmetrical shapes, the cylinder on the far right teeters perilously between coloured precincts, creating more intrigue than interest. Perhaps Teed used the permissive objectivity that indefinite perspective offered his viewers to contrast with the simplicity yet incredible saturation of colours in the painting. The violently clear reds are sobered by the black gravity yet cheered by the arbitrary assembly of varying pinks, oranges, and yellows. A complete lack of shadowing and shading in the piece is remunerated by the strong opposition created between the vertical lines, diagonal lines, and the organic and geometric shapes. In the vertical stripes of the top left, there is a slight disruption in our vision for no apparent reason; the lines tab slightly like the labeling on a folder, but proceed to straighten out once again. The vertical lines also demonstrate Teed’s use of repetition, both obvious and candid, and his exceptional skill in combining them. One of the stripes has a traffic-light repetition of circles. Research Papers on Art History Formal Analysis - Loren Teed (Untitled 1995)The Hockey GameThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West MeetHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCapital PunishmentMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBringing Democracy to Africa19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

The aim of this paper is to discuss the similarities between Alfred Hitchcock and Dario Argento’s techniques and their achievements in Cinema History Essays

The aim of this paper is to discuss the similarities between Alfred Hitchcock and Dario Argento’s techniques and their achievements in Cinema History Essays The aim of this paper is to discuss the similarities between Alfred Hitchcock and Dario Argento’s techniques and their achievements in Cinema History Essay The aim of this paper is to discuss the similarities between Alfred Hitchcock and Dario Argento’s techniques and their achievements in Cinema History Essay Essay Topic: Rear Window Alfred Hitchcock and Dario Argento are both recognized for their considerable contribution to the development of thriller and horror film genre. It is widely believed that Dario Argento’s style was to a certain degree shaped under the influence of Alfred Hitchcock, thus apparent similarities in their style should hardly elicit surprise. Argento admits this fact in his film ‘Do You Like Hitchcock?’ which has excessive references to Hitchcock works, such as ‘Rear Window’, ‘Marnie’ and ‘Strangers on a Train’; in addition, it features a violent scene in a shower that immediately reminds of Hitchcock’s ‘Psycho’. Argento is often referred to as ‘the Italian Hitchcock’. However, there the discussion endures concerning the degree of influence Hitchcock exerted on Argento: ‘Although many articles and reviews refer to him as a disciple of Hitchcock, Argento himself traces his origins to the ‘Poe’ films of Roger Corman and is also quick to acknowledge the inspiration to be found in the early films of Fritz Lang where one sees the nightmarishly surreal quality in which our so-called modernity has mired us’ (Onesheetindex.com, 2007, para.6). Therefore, there is a need for an unbiased analysis of similarities and differences in Alfred Hitchcock and Dario Argento’s style and manner. Both directors receive credit from the audience and film critics for the masterful use of suspense. The tension in their film builds up gradually though subtle hints and allusions, creating an atmosphere of hidden anxiety, terror, and paranoia. Scenes of violence are present in the films of both Argento and Hitchcock, and these scenes are usually shocking and vile. However, violence on the screen has never been the central preoccupation of any of these directors; instead, such scenes are merely a culmination of psychological or mysterious experiences of characters. Both directors relied on the skillful use of humor in their films. While Argento put an emphasis on humor in some of its films, e.g. ‘The Bird with the Crystal Plumage’, Hitchcock’s works almost always contain a good deal of what is called ‘gallows humor’. However, there are some differences in the directing style of Argento and Hitchcock. In certain films, Argento focused more on the means of artistic expression than the actual message of the film. For instance, in ‘Suspiria’ and ‘Inferno’ Argento resorts to purely surrealistic approaches and techniques. Hitchcock, in his turn, devoted greater attention to psychological subtleties and attempted to convey the innermost feeling and emotions of characters. Yet Argento also engaged in the investigation of psychological matters in some of his films, most notably ‘Deep Red’. Some critics notice Freudian influence in Argento’s early movies (Nashawaty, 2007), while Hitchcock based many of his works on psychoanalytical theories, mostly of Jacques Lacan. Yet Freudian themes are present in Hitchcock’s ‘Spellbound’ and in those films that feature an oppressive and restrictive mother figure. Making an overall conclusion, it is necessary to admit that Alfred Hitchcock and Dario Argento are among the best directors in Cinema History. Their contribution enriched not only horror and thriller genre, but world cinema in general. References Onesheetindex.com. 2007, ‘Suspira’, [Online] Available at: onesheetindex.com/movie_posters/horror/suspira_3948.html Nashawaty, Ch. 2007, ‘Curious Giallo’, [Online] Available at: ew.com/ew/article/0,,20006410,00.html nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;

Environmental Regulations in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Regulations in the USA - Essay Example Conservation and management of resource laws deals with a single resource like natural resources for example forests, animal species and intangible resources like archeological sites. Environmental regulations are influenced by principles of environmentalism including sustainability, conservation, ecology, stewardship, and responsibility. Environmental regulations are mainly aimed at protecting and preserving human health and natural environment (Pizer 123). Resource conservation and management laws try to balance the benefits of exploitation of economic resources as well as their preservation. The law aims at preventing externalities, in the present and in future, and conservation of public resources from individual exploitation. The expenses and limitations of such laws on commerce and non-money benefits of protecting the environment have generated and is still attracting a lot of controversy. This has led to the inception of the following acts: Environmental Policy and Planning: National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969; Environmental Quality Improvement Act (EQIA) of April 3rd, 1970; Federal Facility Compliance Act of 1992 (FFCA). Environmental Policy and Planning: National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 is an environmental law in United States that promotes environmental enhancement. The law led to the formation of the environmental quality presidents’ council. The most significant function of NEPA of 1969 was to set up procedures that had to be a requirement for all agencies of federal government, preparation of environmental assessments and statements of environmental impact. These requirements are applied by all federal agencies in the executive branch og government. However, it does not apply to the congress, president or federal courts. Â  

Leadership Development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership Development - Case Study Example ermed as the major decision taken in the recent times and has been brought about in a forced way owing to the company performance and non satisfactory responses from the profit index. The global trends and the overall reduction in the profit as a result of it is another reason that has brought about such a move. The larger states such as Russia and its overall standing in the global economic market had its impact on the Ford’s overall performance leading to tougher decisions being made. Mr. Odell may have contributed on the structural function and strengthening of the Ford’s existence in the global innovations, however the domain and context of market capturing still desires to be gripped further in order to make most of the market potential. The experimental work on the Mustang comes as a challenge that has yet to be practically tested and determined with regard to its potential success. Mr. Farley has also got his work cut out in the form of fulfilling for the vacuum that is being created through the step wise retirement of the number of individuals who were long associated with the company. Replacing the expertise with relatively equal and effectively able individuals is a challenge that needs to be resolved. Bringing Ford to the previous top level of success and high profits is another challenge and goal that the two individuals must set before them in order to overcome the existing challenges. The job rotation helps the leadership in a way that it allows the individuals working in a different environment, meaning exposure to larger domain and coming up with improved performances. Rotation allows the employees working with freshness of mind and removes the element of redundancy and boredom by repeatedly working in a similar environment and similar surroundings. The impact of rotation can be either positive or negative for a given organization. It can be positive if it is handled properly as it promotes productivity and brings along diversity in the cause

Paper 2 about Chinese media industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Paper 2 about Chinese media industry - Essay Example Although there are still reports of suppression by the state of independent media sources, there is tacit encouragement given to these media sources to participate in China’s culture industry and the media. Moreover, although state authorities continue to exert control on the use of domestic private capital in the core production of news items, there is increased recognition of this capital should play in china. Taken together, the media system in China is characterized by the domineering role of state capital in controlling the media’s heights, whereas private capital makes investments in production and sales. This has led to a system where the state continues to exert ideological control of the media, while also enabling the cultural and media markets to respond better to the needs and preferences of popular Chinese culture (Zhao, 2008). The Chinese state authorities have managed to gain increasing managerial and regulatory control over the media system, playing a gate-keeping role that enables it accumulate capital by strategically controlling media outlets and subsequent rental-seeking behavior. On the other hand, the state has sought to increasingly outsource most of the distribution and production work, thus giving up its ‘heavy lifting’ role to private capitalists (Zhao, 2008). In turn, the character and nature of private capital in the domestic media market has been transformed from private capitalist owners with a media background to industrial conglomerate owners embedded within the current power structure. For example, there is a growing class of financial capitalists in the media industry who view the industry as a new capitalist frontier, rather than a medium for cultural expression and social communication. In addition, there is a significant shift towards the incorporation of domestic priva te capital into transnational capital’s distribution

Effects of Raising Interest Rates on Inflation

Effects of Raising Interest Rates on Inflation What causes inflation? How is inflation bad for the economy? How can raising interest rate lower inflation? (1000) Introduction Inflation is defined as continuing rise in the general level of prices, such that it costs more to purchase a typical bundle of goods and services that is produced or consumed or both. In simple words, inflation leads to a decline in the real value of money. Sloman (2006) explains that the rate of inflation measures the annual percentage increase in prices. Consumer Price Index (CPI), which is published every month, is used to measure the rate of change in consumer prices. Undoubtedly, inflation is an undesirable condition for an economy. Prior to discussing the consequences of inflation in the economy, it is important to understand the causes of inflation. Inflation may be caused by demand side factors or supply side factors. As it can be seen from the above diagram in the case of demand pull inflation the AD curve shifts to the right because of an increase in demand which leads to an increase in output. Thus it is associated with a booming economy. The suppliers will only be willing to supply more at a higher price therefore increase the level of price. Whilst in the case of cost push inflation, there is an increase in price as a result in an increase in the cost of production independent of aggregate demand. This may occur as a result of increase in wages, or it might be that import price has increased irrespective of an increase in demand. There might be an increase in the level of taxes as well. Therefore any factor which contributes to an increase in the cost of production which leads to a rise in inflation causes cost push inflation. As a result of which there is a shift in the AS curve to the left. The suppliers will not bear the increased cost of production and instead will shift the price to the consumers by increasing prices and as a result fuelling inflation. Amongst several harmful effects highlighted Gwartney et. al (2000) argued that inflation distorted the information delivered by prices. They further stated that people responded to high and variable rates of inflation by spending less time producing and more time trying to protect themselves from inflation. Furthermore, inflation results in increased uncertainty which reduces the level of investment. A reduced level of investment would hamper economic growth, which further restricts people having a better standard of living and may also lead to unemployment. Further criticisms are that inflation redistributes income away from those on fixed incomes and those in a weak bargaining position to those who can use their economic power to gain large pay, rent or profit increases. Higher levels of inflation also worsens balance of payments position, a higher rate of inflation makes a country’s export less competitive in world markets and imports become cheaper and more attractive. Bes ides, extra resources are used to cope with the effects of inflation. Increasing interest rates has been one of the solutions offered to combat increasing level of inflation. Inflation has for long been considered a monetary phenomenon and economists believe that inflation can best be tackled by adopting the monetary policy approach. The UK economy recently has been a good example of such measure. Inflation was 3.79% well above the 2% target and after the increase in interest rate in the past months to 5.5% and also an anticipated increase in interest rate has led the inflation rate to fall to 2.8% in April (Website: BBC). In the UK Bank of England sets the interest rates which controls the money supply and in turn controls inflation as well. The UK government follows a target and instrument approach to keep inflation under control. Increasing interest rates with a view to controlling inflation works in a manner that it reduces the money supply. People have an incentive to save rather than spend, therefore controlling the increasing rise in prices. Thi s measure is a useful approach though the government should be careful to not continuously raise interest rates and curb spending because it would then adversely affect aggregate demand thereby slowing economic growth. Besides interest rates, the government could also opt for fiscal policy measures by increasing level of taxes or may be reducing government spending and in that manner controlling supply of money, To tackle cost-push inflation, government could provide tax relief or provide subsidies to firms so that the cost of production reduces which could lead to the producers maintaining the level of prices rather than increasing them. Some economists have also stated that costs of inflation may be mild if the inflation is kept in single figures. Conclusion From the preceding paragraphs it can be said that increased level of inflation is not a desirable situation for an economy. However, a certain level of inflation is required in the economy to incentivise producers to produce more and better variety of goods and services. Inflation poses to be a problem when the level of increased prices dampens exports, reduces the competitiveness of a country and starts affecting the economic growth of the country by creating uncertainty and therefore leading to reduced level of investments. However, fiscal and monetary policy measures can be taken to control the increasing level of inflation. Increasing interest rates, leads to a restricted flow of money supply, resulting in reduced level of spending, saving more, demanding less of goods and services and therefore leading to a slower increase in price levels. Fiscal policy measures could also be used to combat inflation. More importantly for an economy to grow reducing levels of inflation is an imp ortant macroeconomic objective. In conclusion it can be said inflation can be adversely affect levels of economic growth if allowed to go out of hand and increasing interest rates is undoubtedly one of the ways, though not the only way, to tackle inflation. BIBLIOGRAPHY Dornbusch, R., Fisher, S., Macroeconomics, (2000), Eighth Edition, Mc-Graw Hill Education Griffiths, A. and Wall, S., Applied Economics, (2001), Ninth edition, FT Prentice Hall Gwartney, James D., Stroup, Richard L., and Sobel, Russell S., Economics Private and Public Choice, (2000), Ninth Edition, The Dryden Press. Sloman, J., Essentials of Economics, (2004), Third edition, FT Prentice Hall Howells, P and Bain, K, The Economics of Money, Banking and Finance, (2002), Prentice Hall Journals and Articles Carlstrom, Charles., Money Growth and Inflation: Does Fiscal Policy matter?, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, April 15, 1999 Internet and Other Sources: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6656899.stm

History of Anesthesia Essay -- Biology Medicine

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I will be telling you my short little paper on the History of Anesthesia. I will be telling what some terms mean that will be used in anesthesia history. Also I will be telling a some dates from years before our time on how anesthesia came from and who was there, and what drugs came out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First I will be starting out with several definition of the term anesthesia. The absence of normal sensitiation, especially to pain, as induced by an anesthetic substance or by hypnosis or as occurs with traumatic or pathophysiologic damage to nerve tissue. Anesthesia induced for medical or surgical purposes may be topical, local, regional, or general and is named for the anesthetic agent used, the method of the procedure followed, or the area or organ anesthetized. The people who are permitted to give anesthesia to a patient is an anesthesiologist or a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA). (Mosby’s Pocket Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health) There is also two different ways of describing Anesthesia you could either call it anesthesia or analgesic. In the next couple paragraphs I will be going over ways on how anesthesia would be given to a patient who will be going under a surgery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General anesthesia is the most common way that anesthesia is given to a patient. The absence of sensation and consciousness as induced by various anesthetic agents, given by inhalation or intravenous injection. Most of the time a general anesthesia is given to the patient through an IV to the patient.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Local anesthesia is another common way of inducing a patient. The administration of a local anesthetic agent into tissues to induce the absence of sensation in a small area of the body. Topical anesthesia is a surface analgesia produced by application of a topical anesthetic in the form of a solution, gel, or ointment to the skin, mucous membrane, or cornea. Regional anesthesia is an anesthesia of an area of the body by injecting a local anesthetic to block a group of sensory nerve fibers. Next one would be a caudal anesthesia which would an injection of an agent into the caudal part of the epidural space through the sacral hiatus to anesthetize sacral and lower lumbar nerve roots. An epidural anesthesia is an injection A type of regional block in which a local  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  anesthetic is injected into the epidural... ...imetry added to the standards for basic monitoring when it comes to an anesthestized patient. 1992 Desflurane was finally made that it could be used clinically. Desflurane is one the anesthesia drugs that must be heated because it is unsable in room temperature. 1994 Sevoflurane also was passed to be used in a clinically stable medical field. 1995 House of Delegates of the ASA approves Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Transesphageal Echocardiography. 1996 End trial carbon dioxide monitoring added to the standards for basic monitoring. End trial carbon dioxide can also be used as EtCO2. Also in this year the Bispectral Index Monitoring System approved for Clinical use. House of the ASA approves Practice Guidelines for Office Based Anesthesia. Last thing in this year Rapacuronium used clinically and it is also always known as a IV drug. WORK CITIED The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3rd. Edition. 21 November 1846 Longnecker, David E., Murphy, Frank L. Introduction to Anesthesia. Copyright 1997 Dorsch, Jerry A., Susan E. Understanding Anesthesia Equipment Construction, Care, and Complications (3rd. Edition). Copyright 1993

Case Study of a Drug Addict

CED 322: Case Study In the case of the 46 year-old female client, I would begin my assessment of her by attempting to relieve her current state of anxiety. My first goal would be to allow her to feel safe and comfortable when she enters my office. I want her to know that my office is a safe haven from anything that causes her to relapse. In addition, by congratulating her decision to seek treatment I can make early strides in developing trust and rapport from the start.Once the client and I spend some time reviewing her life story, I would ask her to complete the SASSI-3 to give me a well balanced perspective of her overall struggle with cocaine and heroin abuse. Although I’ve been given some background information on the client’s previous history of abuse, I feel that the SASSI-3 can give me some insight to habits and traits she developed from her family and lifestyle growing up. Since I have some information about her early use of alcohol, I would also administer a MA ST which could give me some insight on her dependency with alcohol.I would be able to better understand how alcohol plays a role in her use of heroin and cocaine. Once I can determine how they correlate I can then accurately diagnose her and lead to a more successful treatment strategy. From the current information I would diagnose this client with Cocaine and Opioid- Induced Mood Disorder (292. 84). The client reports that she relapses when she has a desire to feel â€Å"numb† which tells us her emotions and feelings are primary factors that influence her addictive behavior.Also, her addiction is so severe that she claims that she uses at times for no reason at all. Since she is remorseful and fearful of her life, I feel that she is searching for the right treatment to rid herself of this life threatening addiction. She has the desire to change but is in need of the will to change. I would focus on her everyday routine, eliminating the parts of her day that involve thoughts or ideas that lead to using heroin and cocaine. I would recommend that she use the 12 step program and group therapy as new ways to guide her towards recovery.Since she using these substances in private, I feel she could possibly benefit from others who know and feel the same struggles as she does. This would allow her to not feel alone in her recovery and bring a sense of accountability to prevent from relapse. I would monitor her progress in the 12 step program and encourage her to patiently complete each step. I’m basing my treatment strategy on trust. In order to eliminate her fear and anxiety along with her addiction through these screens and methods, she must be willing to trust herself at all times.

my power essays

my power essays My activities, interest, achievements, and talents have both developed and retrogressed through the years. During my early childhood years, I developed a passion for architecture. Upon learning of this interest, I often built skyscrapers out of blocks or I drew cities on the computer. I later joined the Lego Club in which I received a free set of Legos. This interest grew, as I was getting older. When I first started, I was building high rises out of building blocks. I then began to build airports, police stations and small towns out of Legos. As a result of my desire for architecture, I won the art fair in the first grade for my pieces. This passion died out when I reached the third grade; I then had a desire to speak in front of crowds. This is when I applied to be the speaker for the third grade class. I often spoke in front of students and faculty. My third grade year is the year in which I discovered the majority of my talents. We learned our timetables in class and I was the only student that successfully recited the full table (one through twelve) in front of the school. As a result of this achievement I was rewarded first place at the school Math Meet. I advanced to the fourth grade with the Honor Roll Highest Achiever Award. When I reached the fourth grade, I began to watch movies and TV shows; this is when I developed an interest in becoming an actor. I participated in the Christmas and Easter programs from the fourth to the fifth grade. Often I participated in skits during church service. Upon my advancing to the sixth grade I changed schools. My parents enrolled me in Frederick K.C. Price III College Prep Junior High School. When I arrived it seemed like a pretty cool place. I joined the flag football team where I discovered I really enjoyed playing football. Junior high basketball was fun, but it didnt have the intensity football had. Through my junior high years I participated in all three Christmas programs. The...

Biofilms essays

Biofilms essays What is a Biofilm?You may not be familiar with the term "biofilm" but you have certainly encountered biofilm on a regular basis. The plaque that forms on your teeth and causes tooth decay is a type of bacterial biofilm. The "gunk" that clogs your drains is also biofilm. If you have ever walked in a stream or river, you may have slipped on the biofilm-coated rocks. Biofilms are defined as 3-dimensional highly structured architecture of microcolony formed by populations of micro-organisms (prokaryotic and eukaryotic unicellular organisms) that are attached to an environmental surface. I would like to make a note however: experts who deal with Biofilms sometimes consider these formations as a double-edged sword. There are many profitable applications of these unique structures; although they are responsible for a range of disastrous effects on the environment, human health and various industries. As the same corrosive effects of biofilms, are used in advantageous applications of various industries. These various applications will be discussed later on throughout our presentation. You will be surprised to know that the majority of microorganisms in nature aggregate into Biofilms. Which strengthens the community as a whole and improves the rate of survival for each individual microorganism. In order for biofilms to form, there are minimal conditions to be met. The most important of which is water, moisture is essential for Biofilms. Aggregations of microorganisms can only come together in a watery environment. This increases their diffusion gradient, and absorbance of nutrients. There are other requirements such as light, depending on the organism. These conditions if met encourage the growth of a variety of bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes. These microbial communities usually encase themselves in an extracellular polysaccharide substance or EPS in which they themselves synthesise. The integration of variou...

Organization design (dealing with resistance to change) Assignment

Organization design (dealing with resistance to change) - Assignment Example In this essay, we will focus on the lifecycle of resistance to change to establish the stage at which Bonneville is, at present, with its change strategies. In 2013, Bonneville was first reported to have involved in a discriminative hiring scandal of two veterans. After a conclusive investigation, the U.S Department of Energys Inspector General released its report confirming the scandal (Ted, BPA: Feeds Release Damning Investigation of Bonnevilles Hiring Practices and Management Culture 1). The investigative report stated that, the Portland-based power marketing agency was found to have consistently manipulated the rankings of applicants as well as failing to disclose the inappropriate behavior that led them to discrimination against veterans and other applicants. Going further, the company did not bother to initiate any corrective measures aimed at offering a remedy to the problems. With this report, the pressure to change was mounting and increasing through the courts and warnings of the Department of Energy. After the issuance of this report, the public realized about the scandal and the prohibited practice of this company. At this stage, most of the BPA officials tried as much as they can to distance themselves with the allegation and the DOE procedures (Ted, BPA: Feeds Release Damning Investigation of Bonnevilles Hiring Practices and Management Culture 2). They considered that such procedures and processes were an unnecessary administrative burden. This situation, as we remember, is what led to prohibited personnel practices and went ahead to prevent their disclosure. At the moment, the flaws of BPA had been identified and made public. After two whistleblowers had reported BPA for their flawed and discriminative recruitment practices, both the court and U.S Department of Energy issued strong punishment to the company with warnings to see that they comply with the employment regulations. The veterans have a preference to employment as

Health care marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Health care marketing - Essay Example a need of people in contrast to the cosmetic plastic surgery to advertise which, the marketers have to make additional efforts like involving popular celebrities and stars in the marketing to motivate the people because cosmetic plastic surgery can generally be lived without. It is absolutely true that in times of crisis, organizations in the contemporary age have to take objective steps without wasting any time to control the damage and save their image from getting tarnished among the public because the channels and networks of information have become omnipresent and the flow of information through them is rampant. People make use of such social media websites as Facebook and Twitter to run campaigns against such companies during the times of crisis, and by condemning the activities of such companies in their posts. Organizations that wait to control the damage before sufficient damage has been cost cause themselves a lot of damage as a result of declined value amongst the public in general and the stakeholders in